Basic grammar

The Japanese grammar has lots of specific features, mostly because it is so scarcely related to other languages. On the other hand it is very sensible, logically very well connected. Some of its features are:

1. in Japanese the predicate always stands at the end of the sentence

2. the verbs don't change depending on the person, gender or number

3. the nouns don't have plural or gender

4. the dependence between words in a sentence is expressed thru particles which follow the words affected.

Personal pronouns

First, the personal pronouns will be covered:

The columns are as follows: english, romaji, hiragana　and kanji.

There is no neuter gender ("it") in Japanese. There are other forms of personal pronouns too. For example, the most polite form of "I" is "watakushi". Then there is the form that can only be used by men, "boku", and so on...

For "you" males can say "kimi", informally. But "kimi" is not dependent on the gender of the person to whom it relates, but on the gender of the one who talks. Only men can say that! It's a very specific feature of the Japanese language too.

For "they" there are different feminine and masculine forms too: "karetachi" and "kanojochi".

Particles

Particles are suffixes which follow promptly after the word that they relate to. They determine the function of that word in the sentence. Some of the most common particles are:

Notice, that "wa" is written as "ha" in hiragana. This is one of the few exceptions in Japanese.

This is also an exception, because "wo" is written , but just "o" is read.

Also an exception.

The main function of "no" is to mark possession, but it also has some other minor usages too.

"mo" replaces "wa" and indicates that the word before it also has some property.